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Título

TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE RESTORATION USING SENTINEL-2 AND THE ESTIMATION OF ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS AND CARBON STOCKS IN TODOS OS SANTOS BAY, BAHIA, BRAZIL

Texto do resumo

Mangrove forests in tropical and semitropical intertidal zones are invaluable ecosystems, providing essential services such as mitigating tsunamis and cyclones. They play a crucial role in carbon storage, particularly in soil sediments, contributing significantly to "Blue Carbon" initiatives aimed at mitigating climate change. However, mangroves face threats from human activities, necessitating conservation efforts to preserve their ecological and socioeconomic benefits.
The carbon stored in ecosystems represents a delicate balance involving plant absorption, soil carbon fixation, and losses through respiration and decomposition. Effective carbon sequestration involves removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, primarily through photosynthetic organisms in oceans, forests, and other environments. Safely storing carbon dioxide (CO2) is crucial to preventing its long-term accumulation in the atmosphere, thereby mitigating climate change impacts.
Understanding soil carbon stocks in mangrove ecosystems is vital for managing the global carbon cycle and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite its importance, estimating total mangrove carbon stocks on a large scale remains challenging due to the complexity and expense of soil carbon measurements, especially when extensive sampling is required.
Mangroves in the Todos os Santos Bay Environmental Protection Area in Bahia, northeastern of Brazil, exemplify their critical role in carbon sequestration. A systematic literature review focused on using remote sensing techniques to estimate carbon storage in Baía de Todos os Santos mangroves. This review addressed the spatial and spectral considerations of Sentinel-2 systems, highlighting their capabilities and limitations.
Sentinel-2 satellite images from 2023 and 2019 of the Todos os Santos Bay Environmental Protection Area in Bahia, Were processed using SNAP software for atmospheric and radiometric corrections. Infrared methods enabled precise mapping of mangrove extents, distinguishing them from Atlantic Forest remnants. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from Sentinel-2A bands 4 and 8, facilitated above-ground biomass estimation through linear regression (y = 973.87x – 190.62, where x = NDVI). Analysis of these data revealed that carbon absorbed above ground represented 43.53% of total biomass.
The study also utilized the Dzetsaka automated classification tool for species-level categorization of mangroves within images. Initial findings underscored Sentinel-2A's effectiveness in high-resolution vegetation monitoring, particularly mangroves, due to its spectral coverage and image quality. This approach provided an accurate assessment of mangroves' CO2 absorption capacity in the Todos os Santos Bay. Notably, in 2023, mangroves exhibited an average absorbed carbon density of 80.55 Mg/ha over 3.78 km2, up from 69.57 Mg/ha in 2019, indicating increased mangrove density and carbon sequestration efficiency.
In summary, this integrated approach highlights the pivotal role of mangroves in carbon sequestration within the Baía de Todos os Santos APA. It underscores the significance of remote sensing technologies, particularly Sentinel-2, in monitoring and comprehending ecosystem dynamics and carbon storage in coastal mangrove environments. These findings are crucial for informed conservation strategies aimed at safeguarding mangrove ecosystems and enhancing their resilience against environmental challenges.

Palavras Chave

Natural Carbon Dioxide Remover; Sentinel-2A; Mapping; Geographical Information System (GIS); Mangrove.